跟进：最高法院驳回司法部紧急申请：加州2万余名选民的邮寄选票照常计入

华盛顿——美国最高法院11月2日（周一）驳回美国司法部（Department of Justice）的紧急申请，拒绝命令加利福尼亚州把2万余名登记选民投出的邮寄选票分开存放、在核实公民身份之前不予计入。此时距11月3日中期选举投票日只剩一天，本届选举将决定美国国会两院的控制权；驳回之后，加州按现行程序继续处理和计入这些选票。

最高法院当天的案卷（案号26A624，United States v. California, et al.）显示，这项申请先呈交大法官 Elena Kagan、再由她转交全院审议。法院11月2日的命令清单（610 U.S.）全文只有一句：该项在上诉期间请求禁令的申请被驳回。命令没有记录任何大法官的异议，法院也没有附带说明理由的意见。

这项紧急申请由美国联邦诉讼总长（Solicitor General）D. John Sauer 于11月2日上午签署提交。司法部在申请中称，联邦已识别出2万余名在加利福尼亚州登记投票、但「很可能不是美国公民」的人，要求法院命令加州把这些人投出的邮寄选票隔离单放，直到其选票合法性得到裁定。司法部10月15日为此起诉加州，依据的是1996年一项将非公民在联邦选举中投票定为刑事犯罪的联邦法律。

司法部提出这一要求，此前一周已接连在下级法院受挫。联邦地区法官 David Carter 10月28日拒绝命令加州隔离相关选票；位于旧金山（San Francisco）的美国第九巡回上诉法院10月30日又以2比1拒绝同一请求，多数意见认为选前临时改变计票程序有使合格选民被剥夺投票权的风险。

加利福尼亚州方面称，联邦汇编的这份名单错误百出，并指责联邦政府试图动摇公众对选举的信心。州总检察长 Rob Bonta 在司法部提交最高法院申请时表示，一周之内的三场法律胜利已经表明联邦政府无权干预加州的选举；县级选举官员此前也指出，名单上的许多人并没有有效的选民登记、也没有收到邮寄选票，实际涉及的选票远少于2万张。

这项命令只处理选举前夕的紧急申请，不裁决司法部这起诉讼本身的是非，诉讼仍在下级法院继续。同日，联邦地区法官 James Boasberg 在另一条诉讼线中裁定，禁止美国国土安全部（Department of Homeland Security）向加州选举官员发出隔离相关选票的要求。本案仍在发展中。

关联：跟进：司法部向最高法院提交紧急申请：要求加州分开存放2万余名选民的邮寄选票、核实公民身份前不计票

关联：跟进：联邦法官下令联邦政府停止要求加州隔离2万余名选民的选票：认定可疑非公民名单有误

（来源：美国最高法院）

Follow-Up: Supreme Court Denies DOJ Emergency Application: Mail Ballots of More Than 20,000 California Voters to Be Counted Under Existing Rules

Washington — The U.S. Supreme Court on Monday, November 2, denied the U.S. Department of Justice's emergency application, refusing to order California to set aside mail ballots cast by more than 20,000 registered voters and hold them uncounted until each voter's citizenship is verified. The denial came one day before the November 3 midterm elections, which will decide control of both houses of Congress; California will continue to process and count the ballots under its existing procedures.

The Court's docket in the case (No. 26A624, United States v. California, et al.) shows the application was submitted to Justice Elena Kagan and by her referred to the full Court. The Court's order list for Monday, November 2 (610 U.S.), states in a single sentence that the application for an injunction pending appeal is denied. No justice noted a dissent, and the Court issued no opinion explaining its reasoning.

The emergency application was filed Monday morning by U.S. Solicitor General D. John Sauer. The Justice Department told the Court that the United States had identified more than 20,000 individuals registered to vote in California who are likely not U.S. citizens, and asked the Court to order California to segregate mail ballots cast by those persons until the lawfulness of the ballots could be adjudicated. The department sued California on October 15 under a 1996 federal law that makes it a criminal offense for noncitizens to vote in federal elections.

The request reached the Supreme Court after a week of losses in the lower courts. U.S. District Judge David Carter refused on October 28 to order California to segregate the ballots, and the San Francisco-based U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit refused the same request on October 30 by a 2-1 vote, with the majority warning that changing counting procedures on the eve of the election risked disenfranchising eligible voters.

California says the federal list is riddled with inaccuracies and accuses the administration of trying to sow doubt in the country's democratic process. State Attorney General Rob Bonta, responding when the department filed its Supreme Court application, said three legal victories in one week make clear the federal government has zero authority to interfere in California's elections; county election officials have also noted that many people on the list did not have active voter registrations and were not mailed ballots, so the number of ballots actually in dispute is likely much smaller than 20,000.

The order decides only the emergency application on the eve of the election; it does not rule on the merits of the Justice Department's lawsuit, which continues in the lower courts. In a separate case the same day, U.S. District Judge James Boasberg ordered the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to stop demanding that California segregate the ballots. This story is still developing.

Related: Follow-Up: DOJ Asks Supreme Court to Order California to Set Aside Mail Ballots From More Than 20,000 Voters Pending Citizenship Verification

Related: Follow-Up: Federal Judge Orders Administration to Stop Demanding California Segregate Ballots of More Than 20,000 Voters, Finding Suspect List Flawed

(Source: U.S. Supreme Court)

来源：美国最高法院

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：位于 Washington 的美国最高法院大楼立面（资料图）。Daderot 摄，公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Facade of the U.S. Supreme Court Building in Washington (file photo). By Daderot, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

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