加州2万选票隔离案换法官：曾驳回司法部选民名册诉求的 David Carter 接手

加利福尼亚州的司法部诉加州选票案10月21日周三换了法官：联邦地区法官 David O. Carter 接手审理此案，接替由特朗普总统2020年提名的 John Holcomb 法官，Holcomb 原于周二被分派审理此案。Carter 由克林顿总统任命。案件转让文件显示，两案涉及相同或密切相关的事件与法律事实问题，合并由同一法官审理可避免重复工作。

此案为 United States v. State of California（案号 2:26-cv-12025）。美国司法部10月15日起诉加州，要求法院下令将联邦机构标记为疑似非公民的2万多名登记选民的邮寄选票隔离，在核实公民身份前不得计票。今年1月，Carter 曾驳回司法部索要加州未删减选民登记数据的另一起诉讼，裁定司法部试图超越国会授予的法定权限；其说理与加州在本案中的核心抗辩直接相关：加州主张，国会从未授权司法部把禁止非公民投票的刑事条款变成迫使各州改变选举管理方式的民事工具。

加州方面对名单可靠性提出质疑。Los Angeles 县抽查约200个名字后发现，25.8%的被标记选民档案中登记有美国出生地，多数人从未投票，超过半数登记已注销或处于非活跃状态，县助理登记官称名单不可靠。加州总检察长 Rob Bonta 的办公室在10月20日提交的反对文件中称，司法部的请求近乎荒谬。

与此相关，司法部10月19日宣布在保护投票行动（Operation Protect the Vote）中起诉28名绿卡持有人，指控其涉及登记与投票相关罪名，其中11人被捕。距11月3日中期选举不到两周，法院是否批准隔离选票备受关注。

Judge Who Rejected DOJ Voter Roll Demand Takes Over California Ballot Case: David Carter Replaces Trump Appointee

The Justice Department's ballot case against California changed judges on Wednesday, October 21: U.S. District Judge David O. Carter took over the case from Judge John Holcomb, who was nominated to the federal bench by President Trump in 2020 and had been assigned to the case on Tuesday. Carter was appointed by President Clinton. Transfer paperwork indicates the cases involve the same or closely related events and substantially related questions of law or fact, and would otherwise require substantial duplication of judicial work if heard by separate judges.

The case is United States v. State of California, No. 2:26-cv-12025. The Department of Justice sued California on October 15, seeking an emergency order requiring election officials to set aside mail ballots from more than 20,000 registered voters federal agencies have labeled likely noncitizens, and to prevent those ballots from being counted until the voters' citizenship can be verified. In January, Carter dismissed a separate DOJ lawsuit seeking California's unredacted voter registration data, ruling that the department was trying to exceed the legal authority Congress had given it. That reasoning bears directly on one of California's central arguments in the new case: California argues Congress never authorized DOJ to transform the criminal prohibition on noncitizen voting into a civil tool for forcing states to change how they administer elections.

California has challenged the reliability of the list. Los Angeles County's review of a sample of about 200 names found that 25.8 percent of the flagged voters had a U.S. place of birth on file, most had never voted, and more than half had canceled or inactive registrations; a county assistant registrar called the list unreliable. In an opposition brief filed October 20, the office of California Attorney General Rob Bonta wrote that DOJ's bid borders on the absurd.

In a related action, the Justice Department announced on October 19 that it had charged 28 green card holders in Operation Protect the Vote with registration and voting related crimes, arresting 11 of them. With less than two weeks before the November 3 midterm elections, whether the court approves setting aside the ballots is drawing wide attention.

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：加州 Santa Clara 县选民登记处官方选票投递箱实景（加州邮寄选票投递箱资料图）。图片来源：Wikimedia Commons，作者 Yngvadottir。

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